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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling Your Domain Name out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.